Tshawb nrhiav Kev Ua Haujlwm Ntawm Cov Kws Ua Yeeb Yam Niaj Hnub Uas Ua Haujlwm Ua Haujlwm ntawm Kev Ua Yeeb Yam ntawm Bronze Sculpture Nrog Kev Tsim Kho Tshiab thiab Cov Tswv Yim.

Taw qhia

Bronze sculpture, nrog rau nws cov keeb kwm tseem ceeb thiab kev hais tsis txaus siab, sawv ua ib qho pov thawj rau tib neeg txoj kev ua yeeb yam ua tiav thoob plaws hauv lub hnub nyoog. Dating rov qab mus rau kev vam meej thaum ub, bronze tau txais txiaj ntsig rau nws txoj kev ua haujlwm ntev, ntau yam, thiab zoo nkauj zoo nkauj, ua rau nws yog qhov nruab nrab zoo tagnrho rau kev tsim cov duab peb sab.

Kev kos duab ntawm cov duab puab tooj liab tau tshwm sim hauv Mesopotamia thaum ub, Tim lyiv teb chaws, thiab tim Nkij teb chaws, qhov chaw uas nws tau vam meej raws li kev tsis txawj tuag ntawm cov vajtswv, cov thawj coj, thiab cov phab ej. Cov kws txawj txawj ntse tau ua tib zoo tsim cov mlom tooj liab, ntes cov ntsiab lus ntawm lawv cov kev kawm nrog qhov tseeb tiag tiag thiab cov ntsiab lus sib txawv. Cov sculptures no tau siv los ua kev qhia txog lub hwj chim, kev mob siab rau kev ntseeg, thiab kev coj noj coj ua ntawm tus kheej, ua rau lub cim tsis tuaj yeem ntawm tib neeg keeb kwm.

(Kev xav hauv Bronze | Coderch & Malavia)

Raws li centuries dhau los, bronze sculpture txuas ntxiv mus rau evolve thiab hloov mus rau tshiab artistic txav thiab yeej. Thaum lub sij hawm Renaissance, cov kws ua yeeb yam zoo li Donatello thiab Michelangelo tau rov kho cov txheej txheem qub qub ntawm tooj liab casting, nce qhov nruab nrab mus rau qhov siab tshiab ntawm kev ua tau zoo thiab kev ua yeeb yam. Lub sijhawm Baroque thiab Neoclassical txuas ntxiv txhawb nqa cov duab puab tooj liab qhov chaw, nrog cov kws kos duab zoo li Gian Lorenzo Bernini thiab Antonio Canova thawb cov ciam teb ntawm kev qhia thiab kev xav.

Cov kws ua yeeb yam niaj hnub tau txais cov duab puab tooj liab ua qhov nruab nrab uas txuas rau kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev tsim kho tshiab. Lawv tshawb nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv tshiab, sim nrog cov tswv yim paub daws teeb meem, thiab twv cov ciam teb ntawm qhov ua tau. Los ntawm lawv txoj kev muaj tswv yim thiab kev txawj ntse, cov sculptors txuas ntxiv ua pa lub neej mus rau hauv tooj liab, ua rau lawv cov haujlwm nrog qhov tob, kev ntxhib los mos, thiab kev piav qhia.

Qhov kev tsis txaus siab ntawm bronze sculpture yog nyob rau hauv nws lub peev xwm los ntes cov kev xav thiab ua rau ntau yam kev xav. Nws qhov kev pom tseeb thiab qhov ua tau zoo ua rau cov neeg saib, caw lawv los xav txog tib neeg daim ntawv, tshawb txog cov ntsiab lus tsis meej, lossis xav txog qhov nyuaj ntawm tib neeg kev paub. Txawm hais tias qhia txog kev muaj tiag lossis kev paub daws teeb meem, bronze sculptures muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg uas cuam tshuam lub sijhawm thiab nyiam cov neeg tuaj saib thoob plaws ntau tiam neeg.

(Dej Dej tob | Philip WakeMan)

Niaj hnub no, niaj hnub bronze sculptors txuas ntxiv tsim cov toj roob hauv pes kos duab nrog lawv cov kev paub ntawm daim ntawv, lawv tshawb nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv, thiab lawv cov kev xav tshwj xeeb. Lawv cov kev tsim tau caw peb los txuas nrog yav dhau los, xav txog tam sim no, thiab xav txog yav tom ntej, kom ntseeg tau tias cov duab puab tooj liab tseem yog ib qho kev nyiam thiab ua kev zoo siab hauv peb lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no.

Niaj hnub tiam sis thiab cov txheej txheem hauv bronze sculpture

Niaj hnub nimno bronze sculpture encompasses ntau haiv neeg ntawm tiam sis thiab cov tswv yim, qhov uas cov kws ua yeeb yam txawj muab cov tsoos thiab lub tswv yim mus kom ze los tsim tej yam ntxim nyiam. Qhov kev sib xyaw ntawm cov qub thiab tshiab no ua rau lub neej tshiab rau hauv daim duab kos duab, txaus siab rau cov neeg sau khoom thiab cov neeg nyiam kos duab ib yam nkaus. Los ntawmloj bronze pej thuamrau cov khoom me me muaj muag, cov sculptures no qhia txog kev hloov pauv thiab ntau yam ntawm bronze raws li qhov nruab nrab.

Nyob rau hauv niaj hnub bronze sculpture, cov neeg ua yeeb yam feem ntau tshawb txog cov ntsiab lus paub daws teeb thiab lub tswv yim, thawb cov ciam teb ntawm daim ntawv thiab kev qhia. Lawv sim nrog cov duab tsis sib xws, cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke, thiab kev sim cov txheej txheem casting, nyuaj cov kev xav ntawm cov duab puab. Cov kev tsim kho tshiab no ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam thiab kev xav-provoking artworks uas nyiam cov neeg saib.

Thaum embracing innovation, ntau tus kws ua yeeb yam kuj tau txais kev tshoov siab los ntawm cov txheej txheem classical thiab keeb kwm keeb kwm. Lawv pe hawm tus nplua nuj kab lig kev cai ntawm bronze sculpture, koom nrog refined craftsmanship thiab ceev faj saib xyuas kom meej. Qhov kev sib xyaw ntawm cov qub thiab tshiab no tsim kev sib tham ntawm yav dhau los thiab tam sim no, tso cai rau cov duab puab bronze tam sim no los txuas nrog keeb kwm kos duab thaum muab qhov kev xav tshiab.

Tsis tas li ntawd, kev nce qib hauv thev naus laus zis tau cuam tshuam rau niaj hnub bronze duab puab. Cov kws ua yeeb yam siv cov cuab yeej digital xws li 3D scanning thiab luam ntawv los tsim cov qauv sib txawv, ua rau lawv sim nrog cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj thiab meej meej. Cov txheej txheem digital no txhim kho kev ua tau zoo thiab kev ua tau zoo hauv kev tsim cov duab puab bronze, ua kom yooj yim rau kev ua tiav ntawm kev xav tau thiab tsim qauv zoo nkauj.

Qhov muaj ntawmloj bronze pej thuamthiabbronze sculptures muagqhia txog kev lag luam sib txawv rau niaj hnub bronze duab puab. Cov neeg sau khoom thiab cov neeg nyiam kos duab tuaj yeem tshawb txog ntau yam ntawm cov qauv, cov ntsiab lus, thiab qhov ntau thiab tsawg, ua rau lawv nkag mus rau cov neeg tuaj saib dav. Txawm hais tias muaj nyob rau hauv cov chaw pej xeem, cov khoom ntiag tug, lossis cov chaw ua yeeb yam, cov duab puab bronze niaj hnub no tseem ua rau cov neeg nyiam thiab txhawb nqa cov neeg saib, qhia txog kev paub zoo ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam uas txawj ua kev sib tshuam ntawm kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev tsim kho tshiab.

Nrov Nrov Bronze Sculptors

• ANISH KAPOOR

Anish Kapoor yog tus kws kos duab British-Indian uas ua haujlwm feem ntau hauv tooj liab. Nws cov duab puab feem ntau loj thiab paub daws teeb, thiab lawv feem ntau tshawb nrhiav cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov chaw, lub teeb, thiab kev xav. Kapoor yog ib tus neeg paub zoo tshaj plaws thiab hwm cov sculptors ua haujlwm niaj hnub no.

Qee qhov ntawm Kapoor cov duab puab nto moo tshaj plaws hauv tooj liab suav nrog "Untitled (1989), "Cloud Gate (2006)," thiab "Leviathan (2011)". Cov sculptures no yog tag nrho cov yam ntxwv ntawm lawv cov loj loj, lawv du, reflective nto, thiab lawv muaj peev xwm los tsim kho qhov muag illusions.

Kapoor txoj haujlwm tau nthuav tawm hauv cov tsev khaws puav pheej thiab cov chaw ua yeeb yam thoob ntiaj teb, thiab nws tau yeej ntau yam khoom plig, suav nrog Turner Prize hauv 1991. Nws yog ib tus kws kos duab tshwj xeeb thiab qub, thiab nws txoj haujlwm tseem muaj kev sib tw thiab txhawb cov neeg saib.

(Anish Kapoor's Untitled)

• TONY CRAGG

Tony Cragg yog ib tug kws kos duab British uas ua haujlwm feem ntau hauv tooj liab. Nws cov duab puab feem ntau yog paub daws teeb meem thiab geometric, thiab lawv tshawb txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm xwm, lub cev, thiab ib puag ncig. Cragg yog ib qho ntawm cov sculptors tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ua haujlwm niaj hnub no, thiab nws txoj haujlwm tau nthuav tawm hauv cov tsev khaws puav pheej thiab cov chaw nyob thoob ntiaj teb.

Qee cov duab puab nto moo tshaj plaws suav nrog "Terracotta Heads" (1983), "Torso" (1986), thiab "Terris Novalis" (1992). Cragg txoj haujlwm yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev siv cov khoom pom, nws cov xim tawv tawv, thiab nws qhov kev ua si thiab lom zem. Nws yog tus tswv ntawm kev hloov cov ntaub ntawv niaj hnub rau hauv cov duab kos duab uas yog ob qho tib si pom kev ntes thiab kev txawj ntse stimulating.

(Tshaj Lub Ntiaj Teb, Saib Xyuas Lisson Gallery)

• HENRY MOORE

(Maquette: Spindle Piece)

Henry Moore yog ib tug kws kos duab British uas paub zoo tshaj plaws rau nws cov duab puab ib nrab ntawm cov bronze monumental. Nws tej hauj lwm feem ntau yog abstractions ntawm tib neeg daim duab, feem ntau depicting leej niam thiab tus me nyuam los yog reclining duab. Moore's bronze sculptures yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm lawv cov organic forms, hollow spaces, thiab du nto. Nws yog ib tug ntawm cov sculptors muaj hwj chim tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th, thiab nws cov hauj lwm tseem ua kev zoo siab rau hnub no.

• KIKI SMITH

Kiki Smith, tus kws ua yeeb yam niaj hnub ua koob tsheej, tau ua haujlwm tseem ceeb rau cov duab puab tooj liab. Paub txog nws txoj kev tshawb nrhiav tib neeg lub cev thiab nws cov cim, Smith's bronze sculptures feem ntau qhia txog cov duab hauv ntau lub xeev ntawm kev hloov pauv lossis qhov tsis zoo. Nws cov haujlwm ua rau muaj kev nkag siab ntawm qhov tsis yooj yim, kev xav, thiab kev sib sib zog nqus rau qhov xwm txheej thiab sab ntsuj plig. Nrog rau nws cov kev mob siab rau kev nthuav dav thiab muaj peev xwm ua kom nws cov duab puab nrog cov lus piav qhia tob, Kiki Smith tau tsim nws tus kheej ua tus neeg ua haujlwm zoo nkauj zoo nkauj tam sim no, nyiam cov neeg tuaj saib nrog nws txoj kev xav thiab kev tsim tawm.

(Ki rau nws qhov xwm txheej)

• ARTIS LANE

Artis Lane yog tus kws kos duab zoo nkauj tam sim no paub txog nws cov haujlwm muaj zog thiab kev xav. Nrog rau kev ua haujlwm ntau xyoo dhau los, Lane tau txais kev lees paub rau nws lub peev xwm los ntes cov ntsiab lus ntawm nws cov ntsiab lus hauv tooj liab.

Nws cov sculptures muaj ib tug zoo kawg li kev nkag siab ntawm realism thiab qhov tob, koom cov neeg saib nyob rau hauv lub siab lub ntsws. Lane qhov kev paub zoo ntawm daim ntawv thiab kev saib xyuas kom meej tso cai rau nws ua pa lub neej rau hauv nws cov kev tsim, evoking lub siab ntawm kev sib txuas thiab kev xav. Nws txoj kev koom tes rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov duab puab bronze niaj hnub tau ua kom nws qhov chaw ua kev zoo siab thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv ntiaj teb kos duab.

(Bust of Sojourner Tseeb)